Treatable Intellectual Disability

Co Enzyme Q10 Deficiency

DIAGNOSIS

Gene
COQ2, APTX, PDSS1, PDSS2, CABC1, COQ9 (most AR)

Diagnostic Test
Co-Enzyme Q (Fibroblasts) & Gene(s) Analysis

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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Neurological
Encephalomyopathy

Non-Neurological
Cardiomyopathy, renal dysfunction

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THERAPY

Treatment
CoQ Supplements

Level of Evidence
4

Clinical Practice
Standard of Care

Treatment Effect
Improves neurological manifestation & seizure control



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Co Enzyme Q10 Deficiency

Biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q requires at least 12 genes, and mutations in many of them cause CoQ deficiency.
Primary CoQ10 deficiency encompasses at least five major phenotypes: (1) encephalomyopathy characterized by the triad of recurrent myoglobinuria, brain involvement and ragged red fibers; (2) severe infantile multisystemic disease; (3) cerebellar ataxia; (4) Leigh syndrome with growth retardation, ataxia and deafness; and (5) isolated myopathy. Patients with all forms of CoQ10 deficiency have shown clinical improvements after initiating oral CoQ10 supplementation.

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